1) Complete the questions in the first activity box (beginning with 'Do you play violent games? Are you violent in real life?')
Do you play violent video games and/or watch violent films? Are you violent in 'real life'?
Yes, i do play violent video games but i am not violent in real life.
Do you ever see a product advertised on TV or on the internet and decide you want to buy it?
On the internet yes but only if i know i need that product. Most of my shopping is done online..
Have you ever seen a documentary which has drawn your attention to an issue which you now feel strongly about?
Yes it has as i watched child marriages documentary recently and i feel like that has drawn my attention a lot.
2) What are the four categories for different effects theories?
The four categories for different effect theories direct effect theories, diffusion theories, indirect effect theories and the pluralist approach.3) What are the examples provided for the hypodermic needle theory - where media texts have been blamed for certain events?
The examples provided are 'child's play- The murder of Jamie Bulger', 'Marily Manson- The columbine High School shootings' and 'Natural Born Killers- a number of murders committed by romantically linked couples. In one case the director was sued for inciting violence although the court case was later dismissed'.4) What was the 1999 Columbine massacre? You may need to research this online in addition to the information on the factsheet.
This was a shooting that happened at Columbine High School. That killed more than '15 people and 20 wounded'. This was because of 2 people that they believed it happened because of them playing too much violent video games. So they got injected with that idea.
5) What are the reasons listed on the factsheet to possibly explain the Columbine High School massacre?
6) What does Gerbner's Cultivation theory suggest?
The Gerbner's cultivation theory suggest that the 'media effects attitudes rather than behaviour'.
7) How does this front page of the Daily Mail (from this week - Wednesday 16 November) link to Cultivation theory? The Mail Online version of the story is here.
The front page clearly is saying that the younger generation is using too much technology. This connotes that the younger generation is given phones at such young age that their brains are still developing. So if they spend too much time on screen they are going to be influenced by what they watch.
8) What does the factsheet suggest about action films and the values and ideologies that are reinforced with regards to violence?
Things get more complicated when you consider this is all down to perspective. Is it good if a villain kills someone to protect his family? Is it acceptable to act violently if someone threatens a state they think is corrupt? Is it alright to steal from someone who has been violent towards you?Essentially violence is supported in action films as a method for the hero to reach his goal. The only difference between him and the villain is that we agree with the hero’s motivations.
9) What criticisms of direct effect theories are suggested in the factsheet?
This theory considers the way the media affects attitudes rather than behaviour.
10) Why might the 1970s sitcom Love Thy Neighbour be considered so controversial today? What does this tell us about Reception theory and how audiences create meanings?
11) What examples are provided for Hall's theory of preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings?
12) Which audience theory do you think is most convincing? Why? It is important that you develop critical autonomy in judging the arguments for and against different theories and form your own opinion on these issues.
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